Monolithic and partitioned approaches to determine static deformation of membrane structures due to ponding

This paper proposes monolithic and partitioned methods to calculate the static deformation of a membrane structure due given volume ponding water. The involve coupling structural solver for membranes volume-conserving solver, modeling incompressible fluid. Two this type are proposed, either using iterations with convergence accelerator between or adding linearized fluid behavior in addition external iterations. solve system equations under hydrostatic load conservation included Newton-Raphson (N-R) solver. One such method was already discussed literature updates free surface plane conserve exactly after every N-R iteration. In second, new method, constraint is added as an additional equation solved together equations. It found that used quasi-Newton very robust but slower than methods. On other hand, proposed be both computationally efficient robust.